Paper I
2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Classify Beta blockers. Write the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and contraindications of Propranolol. (3+3)

Q16 marksEssays

Answer

Classification of beta blockers

BasisClassExamples
SelectivityNon-selective (β1 + β2)Propranolol, Timolol
Cardioselective (β1)Atenolol, Metoprolol
With additional α1-blocking activityLabetalol, Carvedilol
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activityWith ISA (partial agonist)Pindolol, Acebutolol
Without ISAPropranolol, Atenolol

Propranolol — mechanism, uses, contraindications

  • Mechanism: propranololnon-selective β1/β2 receptor blockade↓heart rate, ↓contractility, ↓renin release (β1) and blocks β2-mediated bronchodilation/vasodilation.
  • Uses: hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, post-myocardial infarction, migraine prophylaxis, essential tremor, anxiety, hyperthyroidism (symptomatic control).
  • Contraindications: bronchial asthma/COPD (β2 blockade causes bronchospasm), severe bradycardia/heart block, decompensated heart failure, severe peripheral vascular disease, and used cautiously in diabetics (masks hypoglycemia symptoms).

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