Paper I — 2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q1

Paper I

2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Classify Antihypertensive drugs. Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Amlodipine. (3+3)

Q16 marksEssays★✓

Answer

Classification of antihypertensive drugs

Class	Examples
Diuretics	Hydrochlorothiazide, Furosemide
ACE inhibitors	Enalapril, Ramipril
Angiotensin receptor blockers	Losartan, Telmisartan
Calcium channel blockers	Amlodipine, Verapamil
Beta-blockers	Atenolol, Metoprolol
Centrally acting	Methyldopa, Clonidine

Amlodipine — mechanism, uses, adverse effects

• Mechanism: amlodipine → blocks L-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels → ↓Ca²⁺ entry into vascular smooth muscle → arteriolar vasodilation, ↓peripheral resistance. Vascular-selective (dihydropyridine), minimal direct cardiac conduction effect.
• Uses: hypertension, chronic stable and vasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina.
• Adverse effects: ankle edema, flushing, headache, reflex tachycardia (less pronounced than shorter-acting dihydropyridines given its gradual onset and long half-life), gingival hyperplasia.

Related Concepts

1. 1Antihypertensives

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