Revise MBBS

Paper I — 2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Q12

4 min read

Paper I
2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Explain the pharmacological basis for using diuretics in hypertension with an example. Mention two antihypertensives used in pregnancy. (3+1)

Q124 marksShort Answers

Answer

Pharmacological basis for diuretics in hypertension Diuretics (e.g. Hydrochlorothiazide) initially lower blood pressure by promoting natriuresis, reducing plasma/extracellular fluid volume and hence cardiac output. With continued use, plasma volume partially normalizes, but blood pressure remains lowered because of a sustained reduction in peripheral vascular resistance — thought to result from a small persistent negative sodium balance reducing vascular smooth muscle Na⁺ content, which lowers vessel wall stiffness/reactivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli. This makes thiazide diuretics an effective, low-cost first-line antihypertensive, particularly in the elderly.

Two antihypertensives used in pregnancy Methyldopa and Labetalol (Nifedipine is a further alternative) — chosen for their established safety profile in pregnancy, unlike ACE inhibitors/ARBs, which are teratogenic.

  1. 1Antihypertensives

Other Years Asked

  1. 1(2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
  2. 296 mm Hg. Diagnosis was essential hypertension (2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
  3. 3Classify Diuretics. Briefly describe Frusemide. (4+4)2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  4. 4(2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  5. 5Enumerate five groups of anti- hypertensive drugs with examples of each. Discuss the mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of any one of them. (2+2+1+1)2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  6. 6Classify antihypertensive. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of ACE inhibitors. (3+3)2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  7. 7Classify drugs used in hypertension with TWO examples each. Briefly describe any one group with its mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects (4+2)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  8. 8(2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  9. 9Classify antihypertensive drugs. Describe the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. (2+2+1+1)2018 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  10. 10Classify Antihypertensive drugs. Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Amlodipine. (3+3)2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  11. 11Ramipril2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  12. 12Furosemide.2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  13. 13Telmisartan2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  14. 14Ramipril2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  15. 15Sodium nitroprusside.2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  16. 16Sodium nitroprusside2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  17. 17Furosemide2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  18. 18Frusemide2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  19. 19Losartan.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  20. 20Losartan2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  21. 21Enalapril2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  22. 22Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in congestive cardiac failure2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  23. 23Hypertensive emergencies.2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  24. 24Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  25. 25Hypertensive emergencies.2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  26. 26Rationale for use of dantrolene sodium in malignant hypertension2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  27. 27Prevention of vertical transmission HIV infection2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  28. 28Anti hypertensives used in emergencies2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29Hypertensive emergency2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  30. 30Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  31. 31Aldosterone antagonists2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  32. 32Ergometrine in Postpartum Hemorhage (PPH) Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  33. 33 Verapamil in hypertension2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  34. 34amlodipine in hypertension with renal failure2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  35. 35Methylergometrine for induction of labour Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  36. 36Drugs for Hypertensive emergencies2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  37. 37 Methyl ergometrine in Postpartum hemorrhage. Name the following (Two examples for each): (8x1=8)2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  38. 38 Ergometrine for Post-partum haemorrhage2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

Graph View

Revise MBBS
Preview