Revise MBBS

Paper I — 2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q3

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Paper I
2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Losartan.

Q33 marksShort Notes

Answer

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB).

MOA: losartan → selectively blocks AT1 receptors → prevents angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion → ↓peripheral resistance, ↓sodium/water retention. Unlike ACE inhibitors, does not affect bradykinin metabolism.

Uses: hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy — particularly in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.

Adverse effects: generally well tolerated; no dry cough (bradykinin spared, the key advantage over ACE inhibitors), hyperkalemia, first-dose hypotension, teratogenicity (contraindicated in pregnancy). Losartan specifically also has a uricosuric effect, useful in hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia.

  1. 1Antihypertensives

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  4. 4(2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  5. 5Enumerate five groups of anti- hypertensive drugs with examples of each. Discuss the mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of any one of them. (2+2+1+1)2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  6. 6Classify antihypertensive. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of ACE inhibitors. (3+3)2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  7. 7Classify drugs used in hypertension with TWO examples each. Briefly describe any one group with its mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects (4+2)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  8. 8(2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
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  11. 11Explain the pharmacological basis for using diuretics in hypertension with an example. Mention two antihypertensives used in pregnancy. (3+1)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  12. 12Ramipril2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  13. 13Furosemide.2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  14. 14Telmisartan2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  15. 15Ramipril2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  16. 16Sodium nitroprusside.2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  17. 17Sodium nitroprusside2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  18. 18Furosemide2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  19. 19Frusemide2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  20. 20Losartan2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  21. 21Enalapril2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  22. 22Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in congestive cardiac failure2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  23. 23Hypertensive emergencies.2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  24. 24Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  25. 25Hypertensive emergencies.2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  26. 26Rationale for use of dantrolene sodium in malignant hypertension2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  27. 27Prevention of vertical transmission HIV infection2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  28. 28Anti hypertensives used in emergencies2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29Hypertensive emergency2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  30. 30Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  31. 31Aldosterone antagonists2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  32. 32Ergometrine in Postpartum Hemorhage (PPH) Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  33. 33 Verapamil in hypertension2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
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  38. 38 Ergometrine for Post-partum haemorrhage2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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