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Paper I — 2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Q11

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Paper I
2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

What is the rationale of using Beta-blockers in Glaucoma.

Q114 marksShort Answers

Answer

Aqueous humour is continuously formed by the ciliary epithelium through a beta-adrenergic-receptor-driven, cAMP-mediated secretory process. Topical beta-blockers (Timolol, Betaxolol) block these beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium, reducing cAMP-mediated aqueous humour production and thereby lowering intraocular pressure — this is a production-reducing mechanism, distinct from prostaglandin analogues’ outflow-increasing mechanism, and does not rely on any effect on pupil size or accommodation (unlike older miotic agents). Given topically, systemic absorption is low but not negligible, so beta-blockers still carry systemic contraindications (bronchial asthma, heart block, bradycardia) despite the local route of administration.

  1. 1Cholinergic System

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  2. 2(2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
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  14. 14Pharmacological management of Myasthenia gravis.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  15. 15Treatment of organophosphorus poisoning2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  16. 16Drug treatment of anti cholinesterase poisoning2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
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  21. 21Neostigmine.2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
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