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Paper I — 2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q8

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Paper I
2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Pralidoxime in organophosphate compound poisoning

Q81 marksShort Answers

Answer

Pralidoxime (2-PAM) reactivates acetylcholinesterase by removing the phosphate group from the organophosphate-enzyme complex, regenerating active enzyme. It is most effective if given early, before “ageing” (a chemical change making the enzyme-inhibitor bond permanently resistant to reactivation) occurs. Unlike atropine, which blocks only muscarinic effects, pralidoxime reverses both the muscarinic and, importantly, the nicotinic (neuromuscular) effects of organophosphate poisoning, making it essential alongside atropine in the treatment regimen.

  1. 1Cholinergic System

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  1. 1(2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  2. 2(2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3A man aged 45 years presented with complaints of gradual onset double vision, drooping eyelids, difficulty in chewing food and weakness of limbs which is accentuated by exercise. The symptoms fluctuate in intensity over time. A provisional diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis is made.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
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  5. 5Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions:2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  6. 6min. He gives history of spraying a strong insecticide in his agricultural field. (2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  7. 7A 22-year-old farmer was brought to the casualty with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, lacrimation, salivation, blurring of vision, muscular twitches and weakness. He was suspected to have consumed Organo-phosphorous compound.2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
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  9. 9Classify atropine substitutes, explain their uses and adverse effects (3+2+1)2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
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  12. 12Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Neostigmine2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  13. 13Pharmacotherapy of Organophosphorous poisoning2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  14. 14Pharmacological basis for the use of Timolol in glaucoma.2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  15. 15Pharmacological management of Myasthenia gravis.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  16. 16Treatment of organophosphorus poisoning2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  17. 17Drug treatment of anti cholinesterase poisoning2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  18. 18Neostigmine2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  19. 19Treatment of organophosphorous poisoning2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  20. 20Atropine2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  21. 21Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of atropine.2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  22. 22Neostigmine.2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  23. 23Edrophonium2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
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  28. 28Anti- muscarinic drugs2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29Drugs used in myasthenia gravis.2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
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  31. 31Management of organophosphorus poisoning.2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
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  34. 34Rationale for use of pilocarpine in glaucoma2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  35. 35Two uses and two adverse effects of atropine2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  36. 36Rationale for use of physostigmine in atropine poisoning2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  37. 37Rationale for the use of glycopyrrolate in pre-anesthetic medication.2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  38. 38Cholinesterase reactivators2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  39. 39Atropine as antisecretory agent2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  40. 40The preferred first-line pharmacologic treatment for open-angle glaucoma is:2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ (Case) · 1 mark
  41. 41Used in treatment of acute congestive glaucoma2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  42. 42Why is benzhexol used in the treatment of drug induced Parkinsonism.2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  43. 43Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  44. 44Trihexyphenidyl in drug induced extrapyramidal syndrome2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  45. 45The Vasicoselective anticholinergic used in urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria is2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  46. 46Bronchodilators (of two different groups)2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  47. 47Vesico-selective anticholinergics2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  48. 48Levodopa in Drug induced parkinsonism. Name the following (Two examples for each): (5x1=5)2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
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  51. 51 Neostigmine in glaucoma management Name the following (Two examples for each): (5x1=5)2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  52. 52Anticholinesterases2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
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  58. 58Drugs used to treat Organophosphorus poisoning2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  59. 59Vasicoselective anticholinergics.2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
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