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Paper II — 2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q4

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Paper II
2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)

Question

Clomiphene citrate.

Q43 marksShort Notes

Answer

Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for ovulation induction.

MOA: clomiphene → blocks estrogen receptors at the hypothalamus → hypothalamus interprets this as low circulating estrogen → increased GnRH pulsatility → increased FSH/LH release from the pituitary → stimulates follicular development and ovulation.

Uses: anovulatory infertility (particularly PCOS), male infertility (off-label, to raise gonadotropin/testosterone levels).

Adverse effects: multiple pregnancy (from multi-follicular development), ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, visual disturbances, hot flushes.

  1. 1Gonadal Hormones and Related Drugs

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  11. 11Serious adverse effects produced by oral contraceptive pills2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
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  15. 15Clomiphene citrate.2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  16. 16Clomiphene citrate2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
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  18. 18Raloxifene2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
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  20. 20Selective estrogen receptor modulators2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
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  23. 23Selective estrogen receptor modulators2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
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  26. 26Rationale of estrogen in hormone replacement therapy2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  27. 27Treatment of Female Infertility.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  28. 28Clomiphene citrate.2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29Uterine relaxants2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  30. 30Two uses and two adverse effects of oral contraceptive pills2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  31. 31Uterine stimulants2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
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  50. 50Anabolic steroids2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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