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Paper II — 2013 April (2010 Scheme) — Q4

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Paper II
2013 April (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Cyclophosphamide

Q43 marksShort Notes

Answer

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used as an anticancer and immunosuppressant drug.

Mechanism of action

  • A prodrug, activated in the liver by microsomal enzymes (CYP450) to phosphoramide mustard, the active alkylating metabolite
  • Alkylates DNA (cross-links guanine bases), preventing DNA replication and transcription — cell-cycle non-specific

Uses

  • Malignancies: lymphomas, leukaemias, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, various solid tumours
  • Immunosuppression: nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, vasculitis (e.g., Wegener’s granulomatosis)
  • Conditioning regimen before bone marrow transplantation

Adverse effects

  • Haemorrhagic cystitis — due to the toxic metabolite acrolein; prevented by adequate hydration and mesna (which detoxifies acrolein in the urinary tract)
  • Myelosuppression (leukopenia)
  • Alopecia
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Gonadal toxicity/infertility
  • SIADH (with high doses)
  • Cardiotoxicity (very high doses), secondary malignancy (long-term)
  1. 1Cancer Chemotherapy

Other Years Asked

  1. 1Mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of vinca alkaloids.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  2. 2Alkylating agents and their uses in cancer chemotherapy2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  3. 3Vinca alkaloids2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  4. 4Cyclophosphamide.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  5. 5Methotrexate2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  6. 6Methotrexate2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  7. 7Taxanes in cancer chemotherapy.2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  8. 8Cyclophosphamide2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  9. 9Methotrexate2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  10. 10Vinca alkaloids2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  11. 11Vinca alkaloids2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  12. 12Vinca Alkaloids2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  13. 13Methotrexate2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  14. 14Antibiotics used in cancer chemotherapy2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  15. 15Methotrexate.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  16. 16Alkylating agents2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  17. 17Methotrexate2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  18. 18Vinca alkaloids2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  19. 19Methotrexate2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  20. 20MESNA is administered during cyclophosphamide therapy2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  21. 21Rationale for the use of combination of drugs in cancer chemotherapy2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  22. 22Two uses of methotrexate2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  23. 23Methotrexate.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  24. 24Antitumor antibiotics2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  25. 25The anticancer drug which acts by inhibiting Topoisomerase II, thereby causing DNA strand breaks is:2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  26. 26Aromatase inhibitors2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  27. 27Folinic acid along with 5 – fluorouracil2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  28. 28Rationale for the use of folinic acid in methotrexate toxicity.2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29Rationale for the use of folinic acid in methotrexate overdose2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  30. 30Anti tumor antibiotics2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  31. 31Desferrioxamine in Iron poisoning2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  32. 32Pharmacological basis for the combined use of drugs in cancer chemotherapy.2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  33. 33Why mesna is given simultaneously with cyclophosphamide.2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  34. 34Cell cycle specific anti metabolites2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  35. 35Monoclonal antibodies2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  36. 36Vinca alkaloids.2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  37. 37 Folinic acid to treat Methotrexate toxicity Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  38. 38folic acid in Methotrexate toxicity2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  39. 39Folinic acid with methotrexate Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  40. 40Vinca alkaloids in cancer chemotherapy2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  41. 41Metoclopramide in cancer chemotherapy associated vomiting2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks

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