Paper II — 2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q1

Paper II

2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)

Question

Classify Oral anti diabetic drugs. Write the MOA and adverse effects of sulfonyl urea. (2+2+2)

Q16 marksEssays★✓

Answer

Classification of oral antidiabetic drugs

Class	Examples
Sulfonylureas	Glibenclamide, Glimepiride
Meglitinides	Repaglinide
Biguanides	Metformin
Thiazolidinediones	Pioglitazone
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors	Acarbose
DPP-4 inhibitors	Sitagliptin
SGLT2 inhibitors	Dapagliflozin

Sulfonylurea — mechanism of action and adverse effects MOA: sulfonylurea → binds SUR1 subunit of the pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel → closes the channel independent of the normal glucose-sensing step → depolarizes the beta-cell → opens voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels → triggers insulin release. Requires functioning beta-cells (ineffective in type 1 diabetes).

Adverse effects: hypoglycemia (a mechanism-predictable risk, since insulin release is stimulated regardless of actual glucose level), weight gain, hypersensitivity reactions (sulfa-related), potentiated hypoglycemia with concurrent high-dose salicylates.

Related Concepts

1. 1Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs

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