Paper II — 2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme) — Q14

Paper II

2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Enumerate insulin analogues and tabulate their pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Q144 marksShort Answers★✓

Answer

Insulin analogues, with pharmacokinetic characteristics

Category	Examples	Onset	Peak	Duration
Rapid-acting	Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine	~10-15 min	~1 hour	3-4 hours
Long-acting	Glargine, Detemir	1-2 hours	Minimal/peakless	18-24 hours
Ultra-long-acting	Degludec	~1 hour	Peakless	up to 42 hours

Rapid-acting analogs achieve faster subcutaneous absorption than regular insulin through amino-acid substitutions that reduce self-aggregation, allowing dosing just before or after meals and mimicking the physiological prandial insulin spike. Long/ultra-long-acting analogs form a subcutaneous depot or promote albumin binding, giving a smooth, peakless basal profile with once-daily dosing and significantly less nocturnal hypoglycemia than NPH insulin.

Related Concepts

1. 1Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs

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