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Paper II — 2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q2

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Paper II
2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Classify oral anti diabetic drugs and explain the mechanism of action of any two groups. Mention one insulin analog and list one advantage of it over conventional insulin (2+3+1=6)

Q26 marksEssays

Answer

Classification of oral antidiabetic drugs

  • Sulfonylureas: Glibenclamide, Glimepiride
  • Biguanides: Metformin
  • Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose
  • Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone
  • DPP-4 inhibitors: Sitagliptin
  • SGLT2 inhibitors: Dapagliflozin

Mechanism of action (any two groups)

  • Sulfonylureas: Bind to SUR1 receptor on pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels, causing channel closure, membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and increased insulin secretion (insulin secretagogues)
  • Biguanides (Metformin): Reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis, increase peripheral insulin sensitivity/glucose uptake by tissues, and mildly decrease intestinal glucose absorption — does not increase insulin secretion (does not cause hypoglycaemia alone)

Insulin analogue and advantage

  • Insulin glargine (long-acting analogue)
  • Advantage: Provides a peakless, steady basal insulin profile allowing once-daily dosing with a lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia compared to conventional NPH insulin
  1. 1Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs

Other Years Asked

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  2. 2(2022 February (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
  3. 3m2. He was asymptomatic and investigations revealed no end organ damage. He was advised suitable diet, exercise and other lifestyle modifications.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  4. 4(2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  5. 5(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  6. 6(2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  7. 7Classify Oral anti diabetic drugs. Write the MOA and adverse effects of sulfonyl urea. (2+2+2)2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  8. 8Classify oral hypoglycemic agents. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of any one group. (2+2+2)2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  9. 9A 25years old insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patient develops sweating, anxiety, palpitations and tremors after performing vigorous exercise. Answer the following:2016 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  10. 10Classify Oral Anti diabetic drugs. Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Metformin. (2+2+1+1)2. A 30 years old male patient admitted to hospital with a complaint of fever with chills since 5 days. Severe headache and yellowish discolouration of conjunctiva present. He is drowsy and irritable. Peripheral smear shows gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum. He is using chloroquine since onset of fever but fever not subsided.2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  11. 11Classify oral hypoglycemic drugs. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and side effects of sulfonylureas. (2+2+1+1)2018 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  12. 12dl, HbA1c was 8%. A diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes was made….2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  13. 13Enumerate the newer insulin analogues. What is the advantage of using insulin analogues over conventional insulin. How will you manage insulin resistance. (2+2+2)2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  14. 14dL, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA12025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  15. 15Enumerate insulin analogues and tabulate their pharmacokinetic characteristics.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  16. 16Classify insulins according to the duration of action giving suitable examples.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  17. 17Metformin.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  18. 18Alpha glucosidase inhibitors2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  19. 19Insulin analogues.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  20. 20Vildagliptin2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  21. 21Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  22. 22Sulfonylureas in type II diabetes mellitus.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  23. 23Short acting insulin analogues2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  24. 24Insulin analogs2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  25. 25Newer Insulins2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  26. 26Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitors2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  27. 27Metformin2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  28. 28Insulin used in diabetic ketoacidosis2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29Longest acting insulin given as once daily dose2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  30. 30Insulin analogues2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  31. 31Peroxysome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  32. 32Metformin2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  33. 33Metformin2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  34. 34Short acting insulin analogues2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  35. 35Short acting Insulin analogues2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  36. 36Long acting Insulin analogues2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  37. 37 Lente insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  38. 38Long acting Insulin analogs2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  39. 39Sitagliptin for insulin resistance in a diabetic patient.2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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