Question
Classify oral hypoglycemic agents. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse
effects of any one group. (2+2+2)
Q16 marksEssays
Answer
Classification of oral hypoglycaemic agents
- Sulfonylureas: Glibenclamide, Glimepiride
- Biguanides: Metformin
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose
- Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone
- DPP-4 inhibitors: Sitagliptin
- SGLT2 inhibitors: Dapagliflozin
Mechanism of action and adverse effects of Biguanides (Metformin)
Mechanism: Reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, increases peripheral insulin sensitivity/glucose uptake, and mildly decreases intestinal glucose absorption — does not stimulate insulin secretion (insulin-independent action)
Adverse effects:
- GI upset (nausea, diarrhoea) — common
- Lactic acidosis (rare but serious, especially with renal impairment)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use
- Does not cause hypoglycaemia when used alone
- Contraindicated in renal failure, severe hepatic disease, conditions predisposing to hypoxia/lactic acidosis
- 1Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs
Other Years Asked
- 1Classify Oral antidiabetic drugs. Discuss in detail any one group. Describe briefly Human
insulin. Discuss the management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. (4+3+4+4)2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
- 2(2022 February (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
- 3m2. He
was asymptomatic and investigations revealed no end organ damage. He was advised suitable diet,
exercise and other lifestyle modifications.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
- 4(2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
- 5(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
- 6(2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
- 7Classify Oral anti diabetic drugs. Write the MOA and adverse effects of sulfonyl
urea. (2+2+2)2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 8Classify oral anti diabetic drugs and explain the mechanism of action of any two
groups. Mention one insulin analog and list one advantage of it over conventional
insulin (2+3+1=6)2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 9A 25years old insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patient develops sweating, anxiety,
palpitations and tremors after performing vigorous exercise. Answer the following:2016 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 10Classify Oral Anti diabetic drugs. Describe the mechanism of action,
therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Metformin.
(2+2+1+1)2. A 30 years old male patient admitted to hospital with a complaint of fever with chills
since 5 days. Severe headache and yellowish discolouration of conjunctiva present.
He is drowsy and irritable. Peripheral smear shows gametocytes of plasmodium
falciparum. He is using chloroquine since onset of fever but fever not subsided.2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 11Classify oral hypoglycemic drugs. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and side
effects of sulfonylureas. (2+2+1+1)2018 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 12dl, HbA1c was 8%. A diagnosis of Type 2
diabetes was made….2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 13Enumerate the newer insulin analogues. What is the advantage of using insulin
analogues over conventional insulin. How will you manage insulin resistance. (2+2+2)2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 14dL, glycosylated
hemoglobin (HbA12025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 15Enumerate insulin analogues and tabulate their pharmacokinetic characteristics.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 16Classify insulins according to the duration of action giving suitable examples.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 17Metformin.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 18Alpha glucosidase inhibitors2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 19Insulin analogues.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 20Vildagliptin2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 21Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 22Sulfonylureas in type II diabetes mellitus.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 23Short acting insulin analogues2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 24Insulin analogs2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 25Newer Insulins2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 26Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitors2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 27Metformin2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 28Insulin used in diabetic ketoacidosis2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 29Longest acting insulin given as once daily dose2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 30Insulin analogues2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 31Peroxysome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 32Metformin2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 33Metformin2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 34Short acting insulin analogues2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
- 35Short acting Insulin analogues2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
- 36Long acting Insulin analogues2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
- 37 Lente insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis
Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
- 38Long acting Insulin analogs2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
- 39Sitagliptin for insulin resistance in a diabetic patient.2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
