Question
(
- (a) Chloroquine ( 4 mark(s)
- (b) Oral Contraceptive Pills 4 mark(s)
Answer
a) Chloroquine A 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial, a blood schizonticide. MOA: accumulates in the parasite’s acidic food vacuole and inhibits haem polymerase, blocking conversion of toxic free haem into inert haemozoin — toxic free haem then accumulates and kills the parasite. Uses: treatment of P. vivax malaria, chemoprophylaxis, rheumatoid arthritis/SLE. Adverse effects: retinopathy, pruritus, QT prolongation at high doses.
b) Oral Contraceptive Pills Combined OCPs contain an estrogen and a progestin. Mechanism: estrogen suppresses FSH (preventing follicular development), progesterone suppresses the LH surge (preventing ovulation), and progesterone additionally thickens cervical mucus and produces an endometrium unfavorable to implantation. Uses: contraception, regulation of menstrual cycles, dysmenorrhea, acne (antiandrogenic progestins). Adverse effects: thromboembolism (estrogen-driven, increased risk in smokers >35 years), breakthrough bleeding, headache, weight gain, and — rarely — hepatic adenoma with long-term use.
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