Paper II
2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Classify beta lactam antibiotics. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of ceftriaxone. (2+2+1+1)

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Answer

Classification of beta-lactam antibiotics

  • Penicillins: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin
  • Cephalosporins: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
  • Carbapenems: Imipenem, Meropenem
  • Monobactams: Aztreonam

Mechanism of action of ceftriaxone

  • Binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting bacterial cell wall transpeptidation (peptidoglycan cross-linking) — bactericidal

Uses

  • Meningitis (good CSF penetration)
  • Gonorrhoea (single-dose IM)
  • Typhoid fever
  • Community-acquired pneumonia, complicated UTIs, sepsis, surgical prophylaxis

Adverse effects

  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • GI upset, diarrhoea
  • Biliary sludging with prolonged/high-dose use

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