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Paper II — 2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q14

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Paper II
2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)

Question

Third generation / Fourth generation cephalosporins in MRSA infection

Q140.3 marksShort Answers

Answer

Chosen drug: Fourth-generation cephalosporins (relatively preferred of the two, with an important caveat)

Justification: Fourth-generation cephalosporins (e.g., cefepime) have a broader Gram-positive spectrum than third-generation agents, but neither third- nor fourth-generation cephalosporins reliably cover MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) — MRSA resistance is due to an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) that most beta-lactams, including standard cephalosporins, cannot bind effectively. If forced to choose between only these two, fourth-generation agents have marginally better Gram-positive activity, but the actual drug of choice for MRSA infection is Vancomycin (or Linezolid, or fifth-generation Ceftaroline, which specifically retains affinity for PBP2a) — none of which were among the given options.

  1. 1Beta Lactam Antibiotics

Other Years Asked

  1. 1(2022 February (2019 Scheme)Essay · 12 marks
  2. 2Enumerate Cephalosporins. Describe their mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of third generation Cephalosporins. (4+4)2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  4. 4Enumerate the antibiotics which act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Mention the detailed mechanism of action of any one of them on bacterial cell wall synthesis. Add a note on beta lactamase inhibitors (2 + 2 +2 = 6)2014 March (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  5. 5Classify cephalosporins. Describe the mechanism of action and clinical uses of ceftriaxone. Which drug can be combined with amoxicillin to treat infection due to beta lactamase producing staph. aureus. ( 2+1+2+1 = 6)2016 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  6. 6Classify beta lactam antibiotics. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of ceftriaxone. (2+2+1+1)2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  7. 7Classify cephalosporins. Mention the mechanism of action, adverse effects and uses of third generation cephalosporin. (2+2+2=6)2017 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  8. 8A 50 years old lady complains of pain in the throat and has been diagnosed to have streptococcal tonsillitis. Answer the following:2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  9. 9Mention Two drugs which can be given to treat enteric fever. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of any one. (2+4)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  10. 104th generation cephalosporins2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  11. 11III generation cephalosporin2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  12. 12Second generation cephalosporins and its uses.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  13. 13Penicillin2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  14. 14Beta-Lactamase inhibitors2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  15. 15Specify the important spectrum of ciprofloxacin.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  16. 16Anti pseudomonal drugs2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  17. 17Metronidazole and ceftriaxone for brain abscess2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  18. 18Cotrimoxazole is NOT effective against infections caused by:2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  19. 19Use of Clavulanic acid with Amoxicillin.2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  20. 20Combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  21. 21Assertion (A): Vancomycin is used primarily to treat infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Reason (R): Vancomycin inhibits the formation of bacterial cell walls by binding to D-alanyl- D-alanine, a component of the peptidoglycan precursor.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ (A/R) · 1 mark
  22. 22Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  23. 23Pharmacological basis for combining beta lactamase inhibitors with beta lactam antibiotics.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  24. 24The potent inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesis used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections is:2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  25. 25Gentamicin2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  26. 26Mention anti pseudomonal penicillins2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  27. 27Cilastatin with Imipenem2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  28. 28Gram negative septicemia2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29Clavulanic acid with Amoxicillin2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  30. 30Tocolytics2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  31. 31Antipseudomonal cephalosporins2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  32. 32Third generation cephalosporins2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  33. 33Drugs effective against both gram positive & gram negative organisms2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  34. 34Anti-seborrheic agents2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  35. 35Iron chelators2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  36. 36Anticancer antibiotics2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  37. 37Drugs used in Penicillinase producing staphylococcal infections.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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