Question
Calcium channel blockers
Q63 marksShort Notes
Answer
Classification
- Dihydropyridines: Nifedipine, Amlodipine
- Non-DHPs (Phenylalkylamine): Verapamil
- Non-DHPs (Benzothiazepine): Diltiazem
Mechanism of action
- Block voltage-gated L-type calcium channels; DHPs act predominantly on vascular smooth muscle (vasodilatation); verapamil/diltiazem also act on myocardium/SA-AV node (reduce heart rate, contractility, AV conduction)
Uses
- Hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias (verapamil/diltiazem), Raynaud’s phenomenon
Adverse effects
- Flushing, headache, ankle oedema, reflex tachycardia (DHPs)
- Bradycardia, AV block, constipation (verapamil)
- Gingival hyperplasia
- 1Antianginal Drugs
Other Years Asked
- 1Mr. X, a 65-year-old retired teacher had severe retrosternal chest pain radiating to
shoulder and left arm. He was profusely sweating and his ECG revealed ST elevation
and a diagnosis of Acute Myocardial infarction was made.
(2022 February (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
- 2(2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 9 marks
- 3(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
- 4Classify drugs used in the treatment of angina pectoris. What is the effect of nitrates on
coronary blood flow. Describe the mechanism of action and any two adverse effects of nitrates.
(2+1+2+1 =6)2017 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 5A 60-year-old man gives history of chest pain, sweating and breathlessness on brisk
walking, which is relieved on taking rest.
Classify drugs that are useful in this condition.
Explain the mechanism and pharmacological actions, uses and adverse effects
of nitrates (2+4)2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
- 6Nicorandil2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 7Amlodipine2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
- 8Two uses and two adverse effects of calcium channel blockers.2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 9Use of morphine in left ventricular failure2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 10Amlodipine and metoprolol in angina2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 11Calcium channel blockers2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 12Rationale of combining beta blockers with long acting nitrates2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 13Morphine in Acute myocardial infarction2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 14Glyceryl trinitrate.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 15Rationale for use of calcium channel blockers in angina2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 16Angina pectoris2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 17Rationale for the use of nitrates in angina pectoris.2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 18Nitrates in acute attack of angina.2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 19Isosorbidedinitrate2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 20Mechanism of action of nitrates.2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 21Morphine in Acute left ventricular failure.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 22Drugs for the prophylaxis of angina pectoris2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 23Morphine in Acute left ventricular failure2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 24Two uses and two adverse effect of nifedipine.2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 25Sodium nitrite in the treatment of Cyanide poisoning2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 26Beta blockers in angina2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
- 27Anti anginal agents2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
- 28Drugs used for PSVT2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
