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Paper II — 2017 February (2010 Scheme) — Q7

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Paper II
2017 February (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Protease inhibitors in HIV infection.

Q73 marksShort Notes

Answer

Protease inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs used in HIV infection.

Examples

  • Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Atazanavir, Indinavir

Mechanism of action

  • Inhibit HIV protease, the enzyme responsible for cleaving the viral gag-pol polyprotein into functional structural and enzymatic proteins needed for the assembly of mature, infectious viral particles
  • Blocking this step produces immature, non-infectious virions

Uses

  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection, typically boosted with low-dose ritonavir (which inhibits CYP3A4, increasing plasma levels of the co-administered protease inhibitor)

Adverse effects

  • GI upset (nausea, diarrhoea)
  • Lipodystrophy (fat redistribution)
  • Dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance/hyperglycaemia
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Multiple drug interactions (CYP450 inhibition)
  1. 1Antiviral Drugs

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  2. 2(2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3Pharmacological basis for the use of Zidovudine in HIV.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  4. 4Write briefly on post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection after a needlestick injury.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  5. 5Acyclovir2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  6. 6Protease inhibitors2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  7. 7Acyclovir2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  8. 8Oseltamivir2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  9. 9For herpes virus infection2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  10. 10Antiretroviral drugs2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  11. 11Mechanism of action of oseltamivir.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  12. 12Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  13. 13H1N1 viral infection.2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  14. 14Mechanism of action of acyclovir2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  15. 15Retro viral infections2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  16. 16Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  17. 17Herpes zoster infection.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  18. 18Protease inhibitors2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  19. 19HIV infection..2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  20. 20Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (nNRTIs)2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  21. 21Antiretroviral drugs2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  22. 22Protease inhibitors2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  23. 23Neuraminidase inhibitors2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  24. 24Anti-herpes virus drugs2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  25. 25Anti Hepatitis B viral drugs2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  26. 26Post-exposure prophylaxis in HIV infection2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  27. 27Anti-influenza virus drugs2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  28. 28Antiretroviral drugs.2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  29. 29Drugs for herpes simplex2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  30. 30Drugs to treat Influenza.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  31. 31Neuraminidase inhibitors2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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