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Paper I — 2022 February (2019 Scheme) — Q11

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Paper I
2022 February (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Pharmacological basis of drugs used in Congestive Cardiac failure

Q114 marksShort Answers

Answer

  • Diuretics (Furosemide): reduce preload via natriuresis — relieve congestive symptoms.
  • ACE inhibitors/ARBs: block RAAS, reducing afterload and preload and preventing maladaptive remodeling — mortality benefit.
  • Beta-blockers (Bisoprolol, Carvedilol): reduce sympathetic overactivation and arrhythmia risk, limit remodeling — mortality benefit, started at low dose in stable disease.
  • Aldosterone antagonists (Spironolactone): block aldosterone-mediated fibrosis — mortality benefit in severe failure.
  • Digoxin: positive inotrope (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibition) — symptomatic relief, particularly useful with concurrent atrial fibrillation; no mortality benefit.
  1. 1Drugs for Heart Failure

Other Years Asked

  1. 1A 65-year-old woman presents with swelling over ankle and feet and over the face in morning. Weakness, fatigue, cough at night. A diagnosis of moderate heart failure is made by physician (2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
  2. 2A 62-year-old male presents with exertional dyspnea and pedal edema. There is no significant medical or family history. Physical examination showed the presence of elevated jugular venous pulse and mild hepatomegaly. Echocardiography showed an ejection fraction of 35% (normal >50%), suggestive of heart failure.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  3. 3100 mm of Hg. Echocardiogram shows dilated cardiac chambers.2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  4. 4A 50 year old man develops pedal edema and also has difficulty in breathing. Echocardiography confirms mild congestive cardiac failure. Answer the following:2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  5. 5Spironolactone in cirrhosis of liver.2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  6. 6The treatment of cardiac failure.2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  7. 7Which of the following drugs can cause QT prolongation2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ (Multi) · 1 mark
  8. 8Frusemide2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  9. 9Congestive cardiac failure.2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  10. 10Enalapril.2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  11. 11Spironolactone2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  12. 12Dopamine in Cardiogenic shock.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  13. 13loop diuretics is:2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  14. 14Inodilators2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  15. 15Furosemide2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  16. 16Spironolactone in cirrhosis liver2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  17. 17Hydrochlorothiazide as antihypertensive Name the following (Two examples for each): (5x1=5)2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  18. 18Dobutamine in congestive heart failure Name the following (Two examples for each): (5x1=5)2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks

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