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Paper II — 2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q4

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Paper II
2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Metronidazole

Q43 marksShort Notes

Answer

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole with antibacterial (anaerobic) and antiprotozoal activity.

Mechanism of action

  • Reduced by ferredoxin (present in anaerobes/microaerophilic organisms) to a cytotoxic nitro-radical that damages microbial DNA

Uses

  • Anaerobic infections (Bacteroides, Clostridium)
  • Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • H. pylori eradication regimens
  • Surgical prophylaxis (colorectal surgery)

Adverse effects

  • Metallic taste, nausea
  • Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
  • Peripheral neuropathy (prolonged use)
  • Dark urine
  • Avoided in first trimester of pregnancy
  1. 1Antimicrobials General Considerations

Other Years Asked

  1. 1(2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  2. 2Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions: 40 years old man who was on metronidazole for amoebic dysentery went to a cocktail party where he consumed alcohol. After some time, he started developing symptoms like flushing, burning sensation, throbbing headache, dizziness, tightness in chest, vomiting.2014 March (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  3. 3Explain prophylactic use of antimicrobials giving suitable examples.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  4. 4Pharmacological basis for the use of Benzathine Penicillin in Rheumatic fever prophylaxis.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  5. 5Management of Hospital Acquired Infections.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  6. 6Metronidazole.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  7. 7Superinfection2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  8. 8Antibiotic resistance2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  9. 9Metronidazole2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  10. 10Burns infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  11. 11Chemoprophylaxis of surgical site infection2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  12. 12Vancomycin2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  13. 13Specify the important spectrum of vancomycin2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  14. 14Prophylaxis of rheumatic fever2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  15. 15Mention four uses of metronidazole2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  16. 16Rationale of combining trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  17. 17Urinary tract infections2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  18. 18What is post antibiotic effect and mention one example2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  19. 19Assertion (A): Ticarcillin is combined with Gentamicin for Pseudomonas infection, especially in neutropenic patients. Reason (R): Ticarcillin inhibits cell wall synthesis and Gentamicin inhibits protein synthesis and both of them are bactericidal.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  20. 20Prevention of AIDS in the new born2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  21. 21Pseudomembranous colitis.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  22. 22Drugs for urinary tract infection2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  23. 23Norfloxacin in urinary tract infection2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks

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