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Paper I — 2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Q7

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Paper I
2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Classify drugs used in Bronchial asthma. Discuss the management of Status Asthmaticus. (4+4) (PTO)

Q78 marksShort Essays

Answer

a) Classification of drugs used in bronchial asthma

ClassExamples
Beta-2 agonistsSalbutamol (short-acting), Salmeterol/Formoterol (long-acting)
Inhaled corticosteroidsBudesonide, Fluticasone
AnticholinergicsIpratropium, Tiotropium
Leukotriene receptor antagonistsMontelukast
MethylxanthinesTheophylline
Mast cell stabilizersSodium cromoglycate

b) Management of status asthmaticus A severe, life-threatening acute asthma attack failing to respond to initial standard bronchodilator therapy, requiring escalating, stepwise management:

  1. Oxygen — high-flow, titrated to maintain adequate saturation; hypoxemia is the immediate life threat.
  2. Nebulized SABA (Salbutamol), repeated/continuous, often combined with nebulized Ipratropium — the combination produces greater bronchodilation than either agent alone.
  3. Systemic corticosteroids, given early (IV Hydrocortisone or oral Prednisolone) — no immediate bronchodilator effect, but their anti-inflammatory action is required to interrupt the attack; the delay to onset is why they’re started immediately rather than reserved.
  4. IV Magnesium sulfate — a specific add-on for severe attacks not responding adequately to the above, via smooth muscle relaxation.
  5. IV Aminophylline — a further-line addition in refractory cases, given its narrow therapeutic index.
  6. Mechanical ventilation — reserved for impending or actual respiratory failure, the final escalation.

Anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and magnesium are added on top of continued SABA, not as replacements for it.

  1. 1Autacoids

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  2. 2Enumerate drugs used in Peptic ulcer. Add a note on Prokinetic agents. (4+4)2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  4. 4(2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  5. 5Aspirin.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  6. 6Enumerate four groups of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with the example each. Describe the pharmacological actions, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of any one of them. (2+2+1+1=6)2015 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  7. 7Classify non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. List the uses of NSAIDs. Mention four differences between aspirin and celicoxib. (2+2+2=6)2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  8. 8Selective COX-2 inhibitors (merits and demerits).2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  9. 9Therapeutic uses of Anti-histamines.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  10. 10Mention four prostaglandin analogs and their respective clinical indications.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  11. 11Treatment of Acute attack of gout2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  12. 12Enumerate the Merits and Demerits of selective Cox-2 Inhibitors2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  13. 13Pharmacological basis of drugs used in treatment of Acute Migraine2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  14. 14Sumatriptan.2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  15. 15Drugs used in migraine prophylaxis.2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  16. 16Therapeutic uses of Prostaglandins.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  17. 17Prophylaxis of migraine2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  18. 18Second generation antihistamines2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  19. 19Second generation H1 antihistaminic drugs2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  20. 20Prophylaxis of migraine2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  21. 21Drug therapy of migraine prophylaxis2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  22. 22Cetirizine2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  23. 23Mast cell stabilizers.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  24. 24Uses of prostaglandins2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  25. 25Clinical uses of prostaglandins2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  26. 26Sumatriptan2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  27. 27Sumatriptan2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  28. 28Histamine releasers2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29H1 receptor blockers2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  30. 30Mention two selective Cox-2 inhibitors.2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  31. 31Anti emetics2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  32. 32Clinical uses of prostaglandins2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  33. 33Misoprostol in the treatment of Aspirin induced gastritis2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  34. 34Migraine.2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  35. 35Mechanism of action of ondansetron2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  36. 36Mast cell stabilizers2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  37. 37Anti emetics2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  38. 38Rationale of using low dose aspirin in post myocardial infarction.2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  39. 39Non sedative antihistamines2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  40. 40Triptans2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  41. 41Treatment of migraine.2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  42. 42Non sedative antihistamines2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  43. 43The treatment of migraine.2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  44. 44Mast cell stabilizers2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  45. 45Triptans2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  46. 46Selective COX-2 inhibitors.2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  47. 47Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  48. 48Triptans2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  49. 49 Ondansetron in the treatment of Chemotherapy induced vomiting2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  50. 50Selective cyclooxygenase – 2 (COX-2) inhibitors2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  51. 51Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  52. 52Prostaglandin analogues2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  53. 53H2 Antihistamines2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  54. 54Mast cell stabilizers2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  55. 55Prostaglandin analogues.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  56. 56Prostaglandin analogues.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  57. 57Domperidone in chemotherapy induced emesis.2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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