Enumerate four drug groups used in treatment of Bronchial asthma with its rationale for
use. Enumerate two drug groups used to treat cough. (6+2)
Q610 marksShort Essays
Answer
Four drug groups for bronchial asthma, with rationale
Beta-2 agonists (Salbutamol, Salmeterol) — activate adenylyl cyclase, raising cAMP in bronchial smooth muscle, producing bronchodilation; short-acting agents are the rescue drug of choice for acute bronchospasm, long-acting agents provide maintenance bronchodilation.
Inhaled corticosteroids (Budesonide, Fluticasone) — reduce airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and mucus hypersecretion by suppressing the underlying inflammatory cascade; control the chronic disease process rather than relieving acute bronchospasm, so never used as rescue therapy.
Anticholinergics (Ipratropium, Tiotropium) — block M3 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, preventing acetylcholine-mediated bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion; a useful adjunct, particularly when beta-2 agonist response is suboptimal.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists (Montelukast) — block leukotriene-mediated bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and airway edema; useful adjunct in allergic/exercise-induced asthma, given orally.
Two drug groups for cough
Antitussives (cough suppressants) — Dextromethorphan (non-opioid, centrally acting), Codeine — suppress the medullary cough centre, appropriate for a dry, non-productive cough.
Expectorants/Mucolytics — Ambroxol, Bromhexine, Acetylcysteine — reduce mucus viscosity and promote its clearance, appropriate for a productive cough with thick secretions.
