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Paper I — 2014 March (2010 Scheme) — Q5

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Paper I
2014 March (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Bronchodilators

Q53 marksShort Notes

Answer

Bronchodilators relax bronchial smooth muscle, relieving bronchospasm in asthma and COPD.

Classification

  • β2 agonists:
    • Short-acting (SABA): Salbutamol, Terbutaline
    • Long-acting (LABA): Salmeterol, Formoterol
  • Anticholinergics: Ipratropium bromide, Tiotropium
  • Methylxanthines: Theophylline, Aminophylline
  • Leukotriene antagonists (bronchodilator/anti-inflammatory adjuncts): Montelukast

Mechanism

  • β2 agonists: stimulate β2 receptors → increase cAMP → bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
  • Anticholinergics: block M3 muscarinic receptors → reduce vagally-mediated bronchoconstriction
  • Methylxanthines: phosphodiesterase inhibition (↑cAMP) and adenosine receptor antagonism

Uses

  • Bronchial asthma (acute relief and maintenance)
  • COPD

Adverse effects

  • β2 agonists: tremor, tachycardia, hypokalaemia
  • Anticholinergics: dry mouth
  • Theophylline: narrow therapeutic index — nausea, arrhythmias, seizures at toxic levels
  1. 1Respiratory System

Other Years Asked

  1. 1Enumerate four drug groups used in treatment of Bronchial asthma with its rationale for use. Enumerate two drug groups used to treat cough. (6+2)2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 10 marks
  2. 2(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3Mention four groups of antiasthmatic drugs giving two examples each. How will you treat a case of acute severe exacerbation of bronchial asthma. (4+2)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  4. 4Pharmacological management of Bronchial Asthma.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  5. 5Treatment of Status Asthmaticus2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  6. 6Salbutamol2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  7. 7Ipratropium bromide2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  8. 8Acute severe asthma.2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  9. 9Mucolytics2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  10. 10Mucolytics2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  11. 11Salbutamol2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  12. 12Assertion (A): Codeine is the preferred antitussive in asthmatics and patients with diminished respiratory reserve. Reason (R): Codeine is an opium alkaloid and suppresses cough center.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  13. 13Inhalational steroids2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  14. 14Mention two uses and two adverse effects of fluconazole2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  15. 15Mucolytics2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  16. 16Leukotriene antagonists2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  17. 17Bronchodilator2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  18. 18 Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of acute attack of Bronchial asthma2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  19. 19Mucolytics2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  20. 20 Salmeterol in acute attack of bronchial asthma Name the following (Two examples for each): (5x1=5)2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  21. 21Mucolytic agents2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  22. 22Ambroxol for suppressing dry cough2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  23. 23Leukotriene antagonist2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  24. 24Antitussives2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  25. 25Mucolytics2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  26. 26Mucolytics2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  27. 27Mucolytics2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  28. 28 Salbutamol in acute bronchial asthma2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  29. 29Fluticasone in bronchial asthma.2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  30. 30Anticholinergic bronchodilators2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  31. 31Xanthine oxidase inhibitors2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  32. 32Drugs used in productive cough2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  33. 33Inhaled steroids in Bronchial Asthma2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  34. 34Mucolytics.2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  35. 35 Bromhexine in dry cough.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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