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Paper I — 2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q8

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Paper I
2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Artificial passive immunity with two examples

Q82 marksShort Notes

Answer

Artificial passive immunity is the resistance to infection conferred by deliberately administering pre-formed antibody (rather than the individual’s own immune system generating it) — it acts immediately but is short-lived, since no immunological memory is generated and the transferred antibody is progressively catabolised.

Examples:

  1. Human Tetanus Immunoglobulin (HTIG) — given after a high-risk/contaminated wound in an unimmunized or incompletely immunized individual, providing immediate neutralization of circulating tetanus toxin.
  2. Diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) — given promptly on clinical suspicion of diphtheria to neutralize circulating (free, not cell-bound) diphtheria toxin, before laboratory confirmation.

(Other valid examples: rabies immunoglobulin, given as part of post-exposure prophylaxis after a high-risk animal bite; hepatitis B immunoglobulin.)

  1. 1Vaccines and Immunoprophylaxis

Other Years Asked

  1. 1Classify types of vaccines with one example each. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of different types of vaccines. (2+4)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  2. 2Polio vaccines and current vaccination schedule for polio2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  3. 3Give two examples of live attenuated vaccines.2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  4. 4DPT vaccine2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  5. 5BCG vaccine2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  6. 6MR vaccine2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  7. 7DPT vaccine2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  8. 8Define artificial active immunity with two examples2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  9. 9List four contributions of Louis Pasteur to microbiology2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  10. 10Louis Pasteur2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  11. 11Give three examples of live attenuated vaccines.2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  12. 12Name any TWO live vaccines2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  13. 13Passive immunity2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  14. 14Live attenuated vaccines2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  15. 15BCG vaccine2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  16. 16Name four killed vaccines.2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  17. 17The available vaccines are2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1.8 marks
  18. 18What is an adjuvant. Give one example.2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark

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