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Paper II — 2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q5

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Paper II
2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)

Question

Azole antifungals

Q53 marksShort Notes

Answer

Azole antifungals inhibit the fungal ergosterol synthesis pathway.

Examples: Triazoles (Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole — systemic use), Imidazoles (Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Miconazole — mostly topical now).

MOA: azole → inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 14-alpha-demethylase → blocks conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol → ergosterol depletion and toxic sterol intermediate accumulation → fungistatic action.

Uses: fluconazole — candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis (good CNS penetration); itraconazole — dermatophyte and dimorphic fungal infections; voriconazole — invasive aspergillosis.

Adverse effects: hepatotoxicity, CYP450 inhibition (numerous drug interactions), ketoconazole specifically — endocrine effects (gynecomastia, adrenal suppression) from its comparatively poor selectivity for fungal over human CYP450 enzymes, which has largely confined it to topical use today.

  1. 1Antifungal Drugs

Other Years Asked

  1. 1Classify antifungal drugs. Explain the mechanism of action, uses, and adverse effects of Amphotericin B. Add a note on the various liposomal formulations of Amphotericin B (2+6+2)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  2. 2(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3(2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  4. 4A 60 years old woman with diabetes complains of thickening and yellowish discoloration of right big toe. The physician diagnosed it as onychomycosis of toe nail. What are the drugs useful in treatment of this patient. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of any one drug. (2+2+2)2018 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  5. 5Triazole Antifungal agents.2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  6. 6Fluconazole2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  7. 7Griseofulvin2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  8. 8Itraconazole2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  9. 9Amphotericin B.2017 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  10. 10Amphotericin B.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  11. 11The mechanism of action of the drug terbinafine is:2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  12. 12Uses of azole antifungal agents2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  13. 13Two differences between ketoconazole and fluconazole2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  14. 14Amphotericin B2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  15. 15Griseofulvin2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  16. 16Topical antifungal agents2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  17. 17Dermatophytosis.2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  18. 18Systemic antifungal drugs2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  19. 19Topical anti fungals2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  20. 20Azole antifungals2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  21. 21 Miconazole in candida albicans2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  22. 22Triazole antifungal drugs2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  23. 23Topical antifungal agents.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  24. 24Topical antifungal agents2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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