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Paper II — 2017 February (2010 Scheme) — Q5

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Paper II
2017 February (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Amphotericin B.

Q53 marksShort Notes

Answer

Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal, considered the gold standard for severe systemic fungal infections.

Mechanism of action

  • Binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, forming pores/channels that increase membrane permeability, causing leakage of intracellular contents (K⁺, other ions) and fungal cell death
  • Fungicidal

Uses

  • Systemic fungal infections: cryptococcal meningitis, invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis
  • Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) — as an alternative to sodium stibogluconate

Adverse effects

  • Infusion-related reactions (“shake and bake” — fever, chills, rigors during infusion)
  • Nephrotoxicity (major dose-limiting toxicity)
  • Hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia
  • Anaemia
  • Thrombophlebitis at infusion site
  • (Liposomal formulations reduce nephrotoxicity and infusion reactions)
  1. 1Antifungal Drugs

Other Years Asked

  1. 1Classify antifungal drugs. Explain the mechanism of action, uses, and adverse effects of Amphotericin B. Add a note on the various liposomal formulations of Amphotericin B (2+6+2)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  2. 2(2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3(2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  4. 4A 60 years old woman with diabetes complains of thickening and yellowish discoloration of right big toe. The physician diagnosed it as onychomycosis of toe nail. What are the drugs useful in treatment of this patient. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of any one drug. (2+2+2)2018 February (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  5. 5Triazole Antifungal agents.2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  6. 6Fluconazole2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  7. 7Griseofulvin2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  8. 8Itraconazole2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  9. 9Azole antifungals2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  10. 10Amphotericin B.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  11. 11The mechanism of action of the drug terbinafine is:2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  12. 12Uses of azole antifungal agents2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  13. 13Two differences between ketoconazole and fluconazole2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  14. 14Amphotericin B2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  15. 15Griseofulvin2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  16. 16Topical antifungal agents2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  17. 17Dermatophytosis.2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  18. 18Systemic antifungal drugs2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  19. 19Topical anti fungals2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  20. 20Azole antifungals2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  21. 21 Miconazole in candida albicans2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  22. 22Triazole antifungal drugs2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  23. 23Topical antifungal agents.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  24. 24Topical antifungal agents2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

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