Revise MBBS

Paper II — 2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Q4

5 min read

Paper II
2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

(

  • (a) Discuss in detail the Pharmacotherapy of Urinary tract infection. ( 4 mark(s)
  • (b) Briefly describe the adverse effects of Oral Contraceptive Pills. 4 mark(s)
Q48 marksShort Essays

Answer

a) Pharmacotherapy of urinary tract infection

  • Uncomplicated lower UTI: Nitrofurantoin or Fosfomycin (favorable resistance profile, short courses), or Cotrimoxazole/Fluoroquinolones where local resistance permits.
  • Complicated/upper UTI (pyelonephritis): Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin) or third-generation cephalosporins, given orally or IV depending on severity, for a longer course.
  • Pregnancy: Beta-lactams (Cephalexin, Amoxicillin) — avoiding fluoroquinolones (cartilage toxicity) and cotrimoxazole (folate antagonism/kernicterus risk near term).
  • Recurrent UTI prophylaxis: low-dose Nitrofurantoin or Cotrimoxazole given continuously or post-coitally. Therapy is ideally guided by urine culture and sensitivity, started empirically based on local resistance patterns while awaiting results.

b) Adverse effects of oral contraceptive pills Thromboembolism (estrogen-driven, increased risk in smokers over 35 years), breakthrough bleeding, headache, weight gain, nausea, mood changes, and — rarely — hepatic adenoma with long-term use. Estrogen-related cardiovascular risk (venous thromboembolism, and in susceptible individuals, hypertension) is the most clinically significant concern, weighed against contraceptive benefit when prescribing.

  1. 1Quinolones

Other Years Asked

  1. 1Prasad, 40-year-man weighing 60 kg suffering from chronic cough with expectoration and fever was diagnosed to have cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. (2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
  2. 2Ritu, 40-year-old female with complaints of high fever with chills. On asking, she revealed dysuria, urgency etc. A diagnosis of Acute lower urinary tract infection was made. (2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
  3. 3A 30-year-old male patient with history of productive cough, evening rise of temperature and weight loss since 1 month visits a physician in a tertiary care hospital. On investigation, patient was positive for acid fast bacilli in the sputum and a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made. (2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 11 marks
  4. 4Classify fluoroquinolones. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of fluoroquinolones. (2+1+2+1)2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  5. 5Classify drugs used in the treatment of Tuberculosis. Outline the mechanism of action, adverse effects and uses of Rifampicin. (2+4)2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  6. 6A 20 years old pregnant women developed a mild bacterial upper respiratory tract infection. She was given cap. tetracycline 250 mg thrice daily for 3 days. Answer the following questions:2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  7. 7Enumerate the second generation fluoroquinolones. What is their mechanism of action. What are the adverse effects produced by them. (2+2+2)2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  8. 8Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions. A 20 years old pregnant woman developed a mild upper respiratory tract infection .She was given cap. Tetracycline 250mg thrice daily for three days.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  9. 9Discuss in detail about FOUR pharmacokinetic drug interactions with suitable examples.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  10. 10Classification of fluoroquinolones .Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of sparfloxacin. (2 + 2+ 2 =6)2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  11. 11Classify the drugs used in Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis. Write the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Rifampicin (3+3)2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  12. 12A 40 years old female patient admitted to hospital with a complaint of fever with chills and right loin pain since 5 days. She is a known diabetic. Urine microscopy shows plenty of pus cells and gram negative bacilli. Her serum creatinine is moderately elevated. Ultra sonogram of abdomen suggestive of acute pyelonephritis of right kidney.2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  13. 13A 24-year-old female with fever and chills came to causality. Gives history of urinary urgency and dysuria. Urine examination confirmed acute lower urinary tract infection and urine sample given for culture and sensitivity. (2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  14. 14Ciprofloxacin2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  15. 15Ciprofloxacin2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  16. 16Ciprofloxacin2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  17. 17Ciprofloxacin2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  18. 18Treatment of multi drug resistance tuberculosis2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  19. 19Gatifloxacin.2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  20. 20Ofloxacin2021 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  21. 21Non systemic antacids2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 3 marks
  22. 22Ciprofloxacin2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  23. 23Ciprofloxacin2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  24. 24Mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  25. 25Fluoroquinolones2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  26. 26The antibiotics known to target bacterial protein synthesis are:2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ (Multi) · 1 mark
  27. 27Assertion (A): Penicillin G is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Reason (R): Broad-spectrum antibiotics are known to cause superinfections.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  28. 28Fluroquinolones.2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 1 mark
  29. 29 Amoxicillin in urinary tract infection in pregnancy Name the following (Two examples for each) (5x1=5)2019 February (2010 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.3 marks
  30. 30Drugs used for typhoid fever2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  31. 31 Amikacin in gonorrhoea Name the following (Two examples for each): (8x1=8)2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks
  32. 32Drugs active against pseudomonas infection2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 0.2 marks

Graph View

Revise MBBS
Preview