Question
Classification of fluoroquinolones .Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and
adverse effects of sparfloxacin. (2 + 2+ 2 =6)
Q16 marksEssays
Answer
Classification of fluoroquinolones
- First generation: Nalidixic acid
- Second generation: Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin
- Third generation: Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin
- Fourth generation: Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin (added anaerobic cover)
Mechanism of action of sparfloxacin
- Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
- Prevents DNA supercoiling and replication → bactericidal
Therapeutic uses
- Respiratory tract infections (community-acquired pneumonia — enhanced Gram-positive/pneumococcal activity compared to earlier fluoroquinolones)
- Tuberculosis (as part of MDR-TB regimens)
- Sexually transmitted infections
Adverse effects
- Photosensitivity (more pronounced with sparfloxacin than other fluoroquinolones)
- QT prolongation/cardiotoxicity
- GI upset
- Tendinitis/tendon rupture
- CNS effects (headache, dizziness)
- Arthropathy in growing cartilage — avoided in children/pregnancy
- 1Quinolones
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