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Paper II — 2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q4

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Paper II
2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Laboratory diagnosis of aspergillosis

Q42 marksShort Notes

Answer

Laboratory diagnosis of aspergillosis (Aspergillus species, most commonly A. fumigatus):

  • Direct microscopy (KOH mount) — septate hyphae with characteristic acute-angle (45°) branching, distinguishing from the wider-angle, non-septate hyphae of Mucorales.
  • Culture — on Sabouraud dextrose agar; rapid growth with characteristic conidiophore/conidial head morphology allowing species identification.
  • Galactomannan antigen test (serum/BAL) — useful for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in high-risk neutropenic patients.
  • (1,3)-beta-D-glucan — a less specific fungal cell-wall marker.
  • Histopathology — demonstrating tissue invasion with angioinvasion in invasive disease.
  • High-resolution CT chest — characteristic findings (e.g., “halo sign” in early invasive disease).
  • Total and specific IgE — for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a hypersensitivity rather than invasive process.
  1. 1General Mycology

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  4. 4Discuss the lab diagnosis of candidiasis2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Essay · 5 marks
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  17. 17Define dimorphic fungi with two examples2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  18. 18Otomycosis2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  19. 19What is germ tube test2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  20. 20Laboratory diagnosis of candidiasis2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  21. 21Germ tube test2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  22. 22Sabouraud dextrose agar2018 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  23. 23Laboratory confirmation of candida albicans.2013 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  24. 24What are dimorphic fungi. Name two dimorphic fungi.2021 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  25. 25Otomycosis.2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  26. 26Mucocutaneous candidiasis2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  27. 27Germ tube test2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  28. 28Germ tube test2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  29. 29Piedra2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  30. 30Lacto Phenol Cotton Blue mount (LPCB mount)2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  31. 31Tinea versicolor2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  32. 32Candida albicans.2013 April (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
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  34. 34Otomycosis2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
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  40. 40Name two dimorphic fungi.2022 February (2019 Scheme)1 mark
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  42. 42Name TWO fungi causing otomycosis2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark
  43. 43Name TWO etiological agents causing opportunistic mycoses2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark
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  45. 45Name one rapid laboratory test to diagnose Candida albicans.2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark
  46. 46Write two identifying features of Cryptococcus neoformans.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark

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