Paper I — 2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Q5

Paper I

2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Enumerate three drug groups with two examples each for treating chronic simple glaucoma. Write the mechanism of action of all three groups. (3+3)

Q56 marksShort Essays★✓

Answer

Three drug groups for chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma, two examples each

Group	Examples
Prostaglandin analogues	Latanoprost, Bimatoprost
Beta-blockers	Timolol, Betaxolol
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors	Dorzolamide (topical), Acetazolamide (systemic)

Mechanism of action

• Prostaglandin analogues — increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour, the major route by which they lower intraocular pressure; first-line given once-daily dosing and strong IOP-lowering effect.
• Beta-blockers — reduce aqueous humour production by blocking beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium, without affecting pupil size or accommodation.
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors — inhibit carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary epithelium, reducing bicarbonate-dependent aqueous humour formation; topical dorzolamide avoids the systemic adverse effects (paresthesia, metabolic acidosis, renal stone risk) seen with systemic acetazolamide.

Related Concepts

1. 1Renal Pharmacology

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