Question
Types of hypersensitivity reaction
Q124 marksShort Answers
Answer
Type I (Immediate/IgE-mediated) hypersensitivity
- Mast cell/basophil degranulation triggered by allergen cross-linking of cell-bound IgE
- Examples: anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis, asthma
Type II (Antibody-mediated cytotoxic) hypersensitivity
- IgG/IgM antibodies against cell-surface or matrix antigens, causing complement-mediated lysis, ADCC, or cellular dysfunction
- Examples: autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Goodpasture syndrome, myasthenia gravis
Type III (Immune complex-mediated) hypersensitivity
- Antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues, activating complement and causing neutrophil-mediated tissue injury
- Examples: SLE, serum sickness, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Type IV (Cell-mediated/delayed-type) hypersensitivity
- T lymphocyte-mediated (CD4+ Th1 cells activating macrophages, or CD8+ cytotoxic T cells directly killing target cells) — no antibody involvement
- Examples: tuberculin reaction, contact dermatitis, granulomatous inflammation (tuberculosis), transplant rejection (cell-mediated component)
- 1Chronic and Granulomatous Inflammation
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