Paper II
2022 February (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min
Question
List two common bacterial causes of healthcare acquired pneumonia.
Q161 marks
Answer
Two common bacterial causes of healthcare-acquired (hospital-acquired) pneumonia: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae — other valid examples include Acinetobacter baumannii and MRSA, all reflecting the more resistant, hospital-associated organism profile compared to community-acquired pneumonia.
Related Concepts
Other Years Asked
- 1Define Health Care Associated Infection. Mention the various types of HAI and their preventive measures. (2+2+4) (PTO)2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 10 marks
- 2MRSA – mechanism of resistance, detection and treatment of cases and carriers, prevention.2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
- 3A 42-year-old female presented to the OPD with complaints of urinary frequency and urgency and pain in the lower abdomen. One month back she was treated for the same complaint. The Urine culture showed significant growth of lactose fermenting colonies which were Gram negative bacilli.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 8 marks
- 4Describe the major Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) types. Add a note on standard precautions (4+4)2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
- 5Write the functions of HICC (Hospital Infection Control Committee). Add a note on antimicrobial stewardship (5+3)2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
- 6A 25 year old pregnant lady attended the out patient department with complaints of fever and pain on micturition . Urine microscopy revealed plenty of pus cells and bacteria.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 7 marks
- 7List four hospital acquired infections. Describe care bundle prevention for any one of them (2+4)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
- 8List FOUR clinically important anaerobes. List samples to be collected. Describe the sample collection process. (2+2+2)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
- 9What is an antibiogram. How is it useful in a hospital. (2+4)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
- 10NACO strategies for HIV diagnosis2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Essay · 5 marks
- 11NACO strategies for HIV testing2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 12A CSF sample did not reach the laboratory. Discuss the impact on patient care and how this can be prevented.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 13Importance of biofilms in management of infections.2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 14List sources of healthcare-associated infections and respective preventive measures2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 15Healthcare associated infections – definition, major types, four micro-organisms transmitted through contact. (1+1+2)2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
- 16What is informed refusal. Describe the importance of appropriate documentation of refusal (2+2)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 3 marks
- 17Acinetobacter baumannii2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 18DEC provocation test2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 19Coagulase negative staphylococci2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 20Name two other pigment producing bacteria.2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 21Hospital acquired infection2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 22Define Pandemic and give two examples2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 23Acinetobacter2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 24Normal flora of skin2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
- 25A blood sample received from pediatric ward for culture was found missing in the laboratory. What measures will you adopt to handle such a situation.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark
- 26Sample, from the respiratory tract, received for Ziehl Neelsen stain is found to be mainly saliva. Discuss the correct decision and the appropriate action to be taken.2022 February (2019 Scheme)1 mark
- 27Swimming pool granuloma is caused by Mycobacterium2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
- 28If the urine sample, for bacterial culture, collected by the patient is submitted to the laboratory the next day, is it acceptable. Discuss the correct decision and the appropriate action to be taken.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark

