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Paper I — 2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Q12

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Paper I
2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Healthcare associated infections – definition, major types, four micro-organisms transmitted through contact. (1+1+2)

Q124 marksShort Answers

Answer

Definition: Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI), also called nosocomial infection, is an infection acquired by a patient during the course of receiving healthcare in a hospital or other healthcare facility, which was neither present nor incubating at the time of admission — conventionally, occurring 48–72 hours or more after admission.

Major types: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI); Surgical Site Infection (SSI); Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI); Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP).

Four microorganisms transmitted through contact (contact precautions are indicated for these):

  1. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
  2. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE).
  3. Clostridium difficile.
  4. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii).
  1. 1Hospital Acquired Infections

Other Years Asked

  1. 1Define Health Care Associated Infection. Mention the various types of HAI and their preventive measures. (2+2+4) (PTO)2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 10 marks
  2. 2MRSA – mechanism of resistance, detection and treatment of cases and carriers, prevention.2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  3. 3A 42-year-old female presented to the OPD with complaints of urinary frequency and urgency and pain in the lower abdomen. One month back she was treated for the same complaint. The Urine culture showed significant growth of lactose fermenting colonies which were Gram negative bacilli.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 8 marks
  4. 4Describe the major Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) types. Add a note on standard precautions (4+4)2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  5. 5Write the functions of HICC (Hospital Infection Control Committee). Add a note on antimicrobial stewardship (5+3)2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  6. 6A 25 year old pregnant lady attended the out patient department with complaints of fever and pain on micturition . Urine microscopy revealed plenty of pus cells and bacteria.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 7 marks
  7. 7List four hospital acquired infections. Describe care bundle prevention for any one of them (2+4)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  8. 8List FOUR clinically important anaerobes. List samples to be collected. Describe the sample collection process. (2+2+2)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  9. 9What is an antibiogram. How is it useful in a hospital. (2+4)2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 6 marks
  10. 10NACO strategies for HIV diagnosis2021 December (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Essay · 5 marks
  11. 11NACO strategies for HIV testing2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  12. 12A CSF sample did not reach the laboratory. Discuss the impact on patient care and how this can be prevented.2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  13. 13Importance of biofilms in management of infections.2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  14. 14List sources of healthcare-associated infections and respective preventive measures2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  15. 15What is informed refusal. Describe the importance of appropriate documentation of refusal (2+2)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 3 marks
  16. 16Acinetobacter baumannii2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  17. 17DEC provocation test2019 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  18. 18Coagulase negative staphylococci2015 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  19. 19Name two other pigment producing bacteria.2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  20. 20Hospital acquired infection2015 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  21. 21Define Pandemic and give two examples2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  22. 22Acinetobacter2016 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  23. 23Normal flora of skin2014 September (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  24. 24A blood sample received from pediatric ward for culture was found missing in the laboratory. What measures will you adopt to handle such a situation.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark
  25. 25Sample, from the respiratory tract, received for Ziehl Neelsen stain is found to be mainly saliva. Discuss the correct decision and the appropriate action to be taken.2022 February (2019 Scheme)1 mark
  26. 26Swimming pool granuloma is caused by Mycobacterium2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  27. 27If the urine sample, for bacterial culture, collected by the patient is submitted to the laboratory the next day, is it acceptable. Discuss the correct decision and the appropriate action to be taken.2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark
  28. 28List two common bacterial causes of healthcare acquired pneumonia.2022 February (2019 Scheme)1 mark

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