Paper II — 2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Qvi

Paper II

2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Which of the following are causes of hypercalcemia

1. Vitamin D intoxication
2. Acute pancreatitis
3. Sarcoidosis
4. Hyperparathyroidism a) 1, 2, 3 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 3, 4,1 d) 1, 2, 4

• a) 1, 2, 3
• b) 2, 3, 4
• c) 3, 4,1
• d) 1, 2, 4

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Answer

For reference, genuine causes of hypercalcemia include: primary hyperparathyroidism (most common in outpatients), malignancy (via PTHrP secretion — humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy — or osteolytic bone metastases), vitamin D toxicity/excess, sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases (via extrarenal 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity in macrophages), thiazide diuretics, immobilization, milk-alkali syndrome, and hyperthyroidism.

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1. 1Tuberculosis

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