Paper I — 2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q9

Paper I

2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Name four autoimmune diseases

Q92 marksShort Notes★✓

Answer

Four examples of autoimmune diseases:

1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) — a systemic autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against nuclear antigens (ANA, anti-dsDNA), causing immune-complex-mediated damage to skin, joints, kidneys (lupus nephritis), and other organs.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis — an autoimmune inflammatory polyarthritis, associated with rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP (cyclic citrullinated peptide) antibodies, causing progressive joint destruction.
3. Type 1 diabetes mellitus — T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
4. Graves’ disease — autoantibodies (TSH-receptor stimulating antibodies) mimic TSH action, causing hyperthyroidism.

(Other valid examples: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus vulgaris.)

Related Concepts

1. 1Autoimmunity

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