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Paper II — 2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) — Q10

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Paper II
2018 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme) · 40 marks · 120 min

Question

Lab. diagnosis of hepatitis B infection

Q102 marksShort Notes

Answer

Laboratory diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection relies on serological markers:

  • HBsAg — first marker, indicates current infection (chronic if >6 months).
  • Anti-HBs — indicates recovery with immunity, or successful vaccination.
  • IgM anti-HBc — indicates recent/acute infection; key marker during the “window period.”
  • IgG anti-HBc — persists long-term, indicating past/current infection (absent after vaccination).
  • HBeAg — marker of active viral replication and high infectivity.
  • Anti-HBe — appearance generally indicates reduced replication/infectivity.
  • HBV DNA (quantitative PCR) — most direct marker of active replication, used for monitoring.

Typical patterns: acute infection — HBsAg+, IgM anti-HBc+; window period — only IgM anti-HBc positive; chronic infection — HBsAg+ (>6 months), IgG anti-HBc+; resolved infection — anti-HBs+, IgG anti-HBc+; vaccinated — anti-HBs+ only.

  1. 1Viral Hepatitis (Microbiology)

Other Years Asked

  1. 1A 45 years old patient was admitted to the hospital with history of loss of appetite, malaise and jaundice of one month duration. He also gave history of blood transfusion in the past. On laboratory examination he was found to be positive for HBsAg.  What is the etiological diagnosis  What are the various clinical features  Discuss various routes of transmission of disease  Describe the laboratory diagnosis of the condition  What are the prophylactic measures of this condition (1+2+2+3+2)2020 February (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  2. 2A 30 year old female was brought to the hospital with complaints of loss of weight and appetite of 3 months duration. On examination, she was jaundiced and hepatomegaly present. she gave a history of blood transfusion in the past. Lab investigation showed she was HBsAg positive.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  3. 3An adult male aged 26 years was suffering from severe anemia due to iron deficiency. He was given blood transfusions to correct anemia. Two months later, he developed yellowishness of the sclera and also complained of passing high coloured urine. Answer the following:  Name the probable etiologic agents.  What are the other modes of transmission of this agent.  How will you proceed with the laboratory diagnosis.  How will you protect the individual from acquiring this infection (2+2+5+1)2022 October (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Essay · 10 marks
  4. 4What are the differences between Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis B virus. Describe various markers of HBV in detail and their applications (3+5)2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
  5. 5A 30-year-old previously healthy woman presented to Medicine OPD with malaise, low- grade fever, nausea, vomiting, aversion to food, mild itching since one month. Serum showed elevated levels of AST and ALT and presence of antiHBcIgM. (2023 January (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 6 marks
  6. 6Vaccination against hepatitis B2023 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Essay · 5 marks
  7. 7Laboratory diagnosis of acute hepatitis B infection2023 July (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Essay · 5 marks
  8. 8Hepatitis C virus- modes of transmission and laboratory diagnosis. (2+2)2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  9. 9Write the serological markers of Hepatitis B virus infection and their significance.2023 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Short Answer · 4 marks
  10. 10Hepatitis B surface antigen2025 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  11. 11Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)2024 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  12. 12Carriers in Hepatitis B virus infection2024 March (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  13. 13Enumerate enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses.2014 March (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  14. 14Hepatitis B vaccine2025 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  15. 15Lab diagnosis of hepatitis B2017 August (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  16. 16Serological markers of hepatitis B infection.2016 February (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  17. 17Name four markers of Hepatitis-B infection.2022 May (Supplementary) (2010 Scheme)Short Note · 2 marks
  18. 18A: Hepatitis B virus is preventable by vaccination. R: Hepatitis B can be transmitted parenterally.2024 December (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
  19. 19Which is the high-risk group for acquiring fulminant hepatitis with Hepatitis E virus.2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark
  20. 20Name two hepatitis viruses that are transmitted by Faeco-oral route.2022 February (2019 Scheme)1 mark

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