Unspecified paper (legacy import — needs verification) — 2022 (Unknown (legacy import)) — PYQ

Unspecified paper (legacy import — needs verification)

2022 (Unknown (legacy import))

Question

What is the difference between S3 and S4 heart sounds in terms of cause and clinical significance?

★✓

Related Concepts

1. 1Cardiac Cycle

Other Years Asked

1. 1Describe the cardiac cycle with a suitable diagram. Include pressure changes, volume changes, valve events, and heart sounds.2022 (Unknown (legacy import))
2. 2Write a note on isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation. What is the significance of these phases?2020 (Unknown (legacy import))
3. 3Describe the JVP waveform and correlate each component with the events of the cardiac cycle.2021 (Unknown (legacy import))
4. 4What does the area enclosed by the pressure-volume loop represent?2022 (Unknown (legacy import))
5. 5y descent in JVP2020 (Unknown (legacy import))
6. 6What is the normal LV end diastolic pressure? How does it change in left ventricular failure?2020 (Unknown (legacy import))
7. 7What is cardiac output? How is it calculated? What is the normal value?2017 (Unknown (legacy import))
8. 8Enumerate the phases of diastole. Explain ventricular filling and its determinants.2014 (Unknown (legacy import))
9. 9Isovolumetric relaxation2023 (Unknown (legacy import))
10. 10What change in the JVP waveform occurs in atrial fibrillation and why?2021 (Unknown (legacy import))
11. 11Define preload and afterload. How does each affect stroke volume?2019 (Unknown (legacy import))
12. 12Describe the Frank-Starling law. Explain its role during exercise and in cardiac failure.2019 (Unknown (legacy import))
13. 13What happens to diastole during tachycardia and what is the clinical significance of this?2019 (Unknown (legacy import))
14. 14Describe the events of the cardiac cycle. Discuss the physiological basis of heart sounds. What is the significance of the third heart sound in adults?2013 (Unknown (legacy import))
15. 15Atrial contribution to ventricular filling2022 (Unknown (legacy import))
16. 16What is the normal stroke volume and how is it calculated?2021 (Unknown (legacy import))
17. 17Write a short essay on the fourth heart sound. State its physiological basis and conditions in which it is heard.2017 (Unknown (legacy import))
18. 18Physiological splitting of S22021 (Unknown (legacy import))
19. 19Third heart sound2022 (Unknown (legacy import))
20. 20End systolic volume2024 (Unknown (legacy import))
21. 21What is the physiological significance of the x descent in JVP?2017 (Unknown (legacy import))
22. 22Describe the abnormalities of S2 splitting. Correlate with underlying cardiac conditions.2018 (Unknown (legacy import))
23. 23What are the two phases during which all four cardiac valves are simultaneously closed?2023 (Unknown (legacy import))
24. 24In which direction does the PV loop shift in increased preload? In increased afterload?2018 (Unknown (legacy import))
25. 25What is the normal ejection fraction? Below what value is it considered significantly reduced?2023 (Unknown (legacy import))
26. 26Write a short essay on ejection fraction. Define, give normal values, and explain its clinical significance.2022 (Unknown (legacy import))
27. 27Describe the pressure-volume loop of the left ventricle. How does it change with increased afterload?2023 (Unknown (legacy import))
28. 28Explain the sequence of events during the cardiac cycle. Draw and label the pressure-volume loop of the left ventricle. How does the loop change in cardiac failure?2015 (Unknown (legacy import))
29. 29What is the significance of the v wave in JVP? In which condition does a giant v wave appear?2016 (Unknown (legacy import))
30. 30Stroke work2021 (Unknown (legacy import))
31. 31Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the shortest?2024 (Unknown (legacy import))
32. 32What is the Frank-Starling law? What is its physiological basis?2021 (Unknown (legacy import))
33. 33Ejection fraction — definition and clinical significance2020 (Unknown (legacy import))
34. 34Describe the phases of the cardiac cycle. Explain the pressure and volume changes in the left ventricle during each phase with reference to the Wiggers diagram.2019 (Unknown (legacy import))
35. 35During which phase does the mitral valve open, and what is the pressure condition required for this to occur?2020 (Unknown (legacy import))
36. 36Pressure-volume loop — areas and what they represent2017 (Unknown (legacy import))
37. 37What is the width of the pressure-volume loop equivalent to?2018 (Unknown (legacy import))
38. 38Describe stroke volume and the factors affecting it.2015 (Unknown (legacy import))
39. 39Write an essay on the cardiac cycle. Include: phases, heart sounds, jugular venous pulse waveform, and clinical significance of ejection fraction.2017 (Unknown (legacy import))
40. 40What is a cannon a wave? In which conditions is it seen?2020 (Unknown (legacy import))
41. 41Dicrotic notch2023 (Unknown (legacy import))
42. 42Cannon a wave in JVP2024 (Unknown (legacy import))
43. 43Cardiac reserve2019 (Unknown (legacy import))
44. 44What causes the dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure waveform?2022 (Unknown (legacy import))
45. 45What is the duration of the cardiac cycle at a heart rate of 75 bpm? How does it change at 100 bpm?2024 (Unknown (legacy import))
46. 46End diastolic volume2019 (Unknown (legacy import))
47. 47Physiological basis of S42016 (Unknown (legacy import))
48. 48Explain the dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure waveform. What does it signify?2016 (Unknown (legacy import))
49. 49Ventricular filling phases2018 (Unknown (legacy import))