Paper I — 2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) — Q10

Paper I

2024 March (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme) · 100 marks · 180 min

Question

Apoptosis

Q104 marksShort Answers★✓

Answer

Apoptosis is a regulated, energy-dependent form of programmed cell death, characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and formation of membrane-bound apoptotic bodies, without eliciting inflammation.

Mechanisms

• Intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway: Triggered by growth factor withdrawal or DNA damage; mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization releases cytochrome c, activating caspase-9 and downstream executioner caspases
• Extrinsic (death receptor) pathway: Triggered by ligand binding to death receptors (Fas/FasL, TNF receptor), activating caspase-8

Physiological roles

• Embryogenesis, hormone-dependent tissue involution, elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes, deletion of cells that have served their purpose

Pathological roles

• Cell death from DNA damage (radiation, cytotoxic drugs), viral hepatitis (councilman bodies), pathologic atrophy after duct obstruction, tumour cell death in response to therapy

Related Concepts

1. 1Viral Hepatitis

Other Years Asked

1. 1Discuss Hepatitis B infection under the following headings:- (2022 July (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)Essay · 15 marks
2. 2Apoptosis in pathologic conditions2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
3. 3Changes in serum markers and liver histology in Hepatitis B infection2022 February (2019 Scheme)Short Essay · 8 marks
4. 4(A): Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) is a better screening method in blood banking (R): Low antibody levels are detected by NAT a) Both A & R are correct and R is the reason for A b) Both A & R are correct but R is not reason for A c) A is correct R is incorrect d) A is incorrect R is correct2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ (A/R) · 1 mark
5. 5(A) Hepatitis E virus is the most common cause for transfusion associated Hepatitis (R) Hepatitis E infection in pregnancy carries higher mortality2025 March (Supplementary (SAY)) (2019 Scheme)MCQ · 1 mark
6. 6The antigen which appears before onset of symptoms in Hepatitis B is ----------2024 June (Supplementary) (2019 Scheme)1 mark