TNM Staging of Carcinoma Larynx
TNM staging helps assess:
- tumour extent
- nodal disease
- distant metastasis
Glottic Carcinoma
T1
Tumour limited to vocal cord(s) with normal mobility.
T1a
One vocal cord involved.
T1b
Both vocal cords involved.
T2
Extension to supraglottis or subglottis or impaired mobility.
T3
Cord fixation or paraglottic invasion.
T4
Cartilage destruction or spread beyond larynx.
Nodal Disease
N0
No regional node metastasis.
N1
Single ipsilateral node ≤3 cm.
N2
Multiple or larger nodes.
N3
Node >6 cm.
Distant Metastasis
M0
No distant metastasis.
M1
Distant metastasis present.