Branches of Brachial Artery

1. Muscular Branches

Unnamed branches supplying the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis).

The largest and first branch of the brachial artery.
Arises from its posteromedial aspect, just below the lower border of teres major.
Accompanies the radial nerve, with which it leaves the lower triangular space to enter the radial (spiral) groove on the posterior surface of the humerus.
Contributes its anterior descending (radial collateral) branch and posterior descending branch to the arterial anastomosis around the elbow.

Enters the nutrient foramen of the humerus, located near the insertion of coracobrachialis.

Arises near the middle of the arm.
Accompanies the ulnar nerve as it pierces the medial intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment.
Takes part in the anastomosis behind the medial epicondyle.

Arises near the lower end of the humerus (lower part of the arm).
Divides into anterior and posterior branches, which take part in the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint.

The brachial artery ends by dividing into:

Branch	Origin Level	Key Association
Muscular branches	Throughout arm	Anterior compartment muscles
Profunda brachii artery	Just below teres major	Accompanies radial nerve into spiral groove
Nutrient artery	Near coracobrachialis insertion	Supplies humerus
Superior ulnar collateral artery	Middle of arm	Accompanies ulnar nerve; anastomoses behind medial epicondyle
Inferior ulnar collateral (supratrochlear) artery	Lower end of humerus	Anastomoses in front of and behind medial epicondyle
Radial artery	Termination (neck of radius)	Terminal branch
Ulnar artery	Termination (neck of radius)	Terminal branch